① 07----16年河北高考英语作文范文翻释
湖北历年英语高考作文2009-07-30 09:32
2004年
三班的同学进行了一场有关英语学习的讨论。讨论的题目是：学习英语要不要从儿童时期开始？请你根据下表中的提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况。
一些同学认为 1.应从儿童时期开始学习英语2.儿童时期记忆力好，可以记住很多单词
3.能为以后的英语学习打下坚实的基础
另一些同学认为 1.不应从儿童时期开始学习英语 2.儿童时期既要学汉语拼音又要学英语，易混淆 3.会影响汉语学习和今后的英语学习
讨论未取得一致意见
注意：1.文章的起始句已给出；
2.词数：100左右(不包括已给的起始句)；
3.参考词汇：基础——foundation 汉语拼音——Chinese pinyin
The students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood.__________________________________
The students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood. Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood. As little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart. This will help them lay a solid foundation for their future English learning. But others do not agree. Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school. If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time, it will be very easy for them to mix them up. This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning. In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.
2005年
你堂兄建华在国外学习，你们经常用英文通信。他即将完成学业，不久前来信就是否回国工作征求你的意见。请根据下列提示回信：
1. 建议他回国；
2. 你的理由是：1）学有所用，就业容易；2）照顾父母。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 行文应连贯，内容应完整；
3. 开头语与落款已为你写好。
June 8th
Dear Jianhua ,
I’m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago
June 8th
Dear Jianhua
I’m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago . I’ve been thinking about the question you asked me . In my opinion , you should come back after you finish your studies abroad . For one reason , what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China . It will be quite easy for you to find a good job . in fact , I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you . For another reason , I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old . Therefore , I think it’s a good idea for you to return . So what are you waiting for
2006年
受某英文报的委托，你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查。请根据以下信息，用英语为该报写一篇100左右的短文。短文的标题及首句已为你写好。
调查内容：在新闻、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中，学生最喜欢哪一种。
调查范围：湖北省的10所中学
调查对象：高中生
调查人数：1000
调查方式：访谈
调查结果：（见下图）
选择各类英文文章的人数的百分比
53%的选择新闻 26%的选择故事 16%的选择科普 7%选择学习方法
Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students
Recent, scivery has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school
students. In this sruvey,one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei
Province were interviewed.They were asked which they liked reading most among the four
categories of English articles,news,stories,popular science articles and articles about learning
methods.
The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most. Twenty-
sixpercent of the students say that English stories are their favorite.Only seven percent of the
students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods.However,the number of
students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading
articles about learning methods.
2007年
假设你是某中学学生会主席李华，你校与本地一所国际学样经常举办联谊活动.你计划在重阳节组织学生到养老院去慰问老人，拟邀请国际学校的学生参加，请你根据以下内容要点给国际学样的学生会主席Tony写一封信.
要点：向老人赠送礼物（鲜花、自制贺卡……）；
为老人提供服务（做清洁、陪老人聊天……）；
为老人表演节目（唱歌、跳舞……）.
注意：1、词数为100左右；
2、信的开关和结尾已为你写好（不计入你所写词数）；
3、已给出的信的开关和结尾不得抄入答题卡.
（以下所给内容不得抄入答题卡）
Dear Tony，
Chongyang,the traditional Chinese festival for the elderly,is coming around.We are planning to visit the Nursing Home to celebrate the speeial day, and we would like to invite students from your school to join us.
…We have planned several activities. When we get there，we will visit the elderly in their rooms in groups，presenitng them with flowers and self－made cards to show our respect and love. Then we will do some cleaning and washing for them with the help of the nurses.
As some old people feel lonely. We may chat with them about their old days, changes of our city, or anything they are interested in. We may also give them some performanees: singing, daneing, and so on.
I am sure we will both gain a better understanding of the elderly in China. If you have any suggestions, please let us know.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
2008年
假设你是卜曼宜，你购买了一部某外国公司生产的手机，因有质量问题，要求该gonsi更换。请根据下列要点，用英文写一封电子邮件。 要点： 1. 问题：手机不响铃，不能发短信； 该产品已售完，无法更换； 型号新，无配件，无法维修。 2. 要求：公司应尽快予以更换。 注意：1. 词数为100左右； 2. 参考词汇：配件—— spare part； 3. 电子邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好（不计入你所写词数）； 4.已给出的电子邮件的开头和结尾不得抄入答题卡。 [范文]Dear Sir，
I am writing to you for the mobile phone of Dephone-S250 I bought on 20th Apr.2008 at Tele Mall in Wuhan, P.R. China. Ten days after that, it didn’t ring and send short messages. Then I took it to the seller, but was told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three months for a new one. Later I went to the repairman. He said since it was a new model in China,it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.I was so desperate on hearing that.How can I wait that long Therefore, I require that you send me a new one of the same model within a month. Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely yours, Bu Manyi
② 初中英语作文范文(5篇）
1. By the side of Du Liu River,there is beautiful village.It’s my hometown.
The river is clear and long.In it there are lots of fishes and all kinds of stones.Flowers and grass grow all over the banks.They are red ,yellow,green,blue and white.All of them form a beautiful picture of nature.If you look at it carefully by yourself,you must be much pleasure.
There are many trees on the bank of the river,the trees are big and tall.Like big umbrellas .In summer,birds sing in them,people read ,play and talk under them. Then the natural parks are formed.Do you want to come here .The people not only are very kind and warm-hearted,but also are hard-workink.
So I love my hometown .Love everything of my hometown..I hope my hometown richer and ric
2.Dear mom:
Today is October 10th..It’s your birthday.I want to say:“Thank you ,mom.I love you,mom.”
I am thirteen years old now,and I can know many things.You are a great mother. You not only work at office,but also do housework at home.You always say:“We should be helpful and kind.”You ask me to eat healthy food and keep take exercese .Every morning,we run together.Every evening,you help me with my English.For me and our family you do everything.You are toilsome,mom.I will study harder and won’t let you down.
Happy birthday,mom.I hope you healthy and young forever.
3.Rong Jiang ,Gui Zhou is my hometown a small city lived Dong(侗),Miao（苗）,Shui（水）,Yao（瑶）people.There has beautiful mountains、clear water and long history.
It is named Rong Jiang because of banyans.There are many big and tall banyans by the side of the rivers.The banyans are old-age around hundreds of years. They are like soliders keep guard our homeland.They also like big umbrellas keep out wind and rain for people in the four seasons. Ancient Banyans Group is a smart sight at my hometown.
Rong Jiang is famous for watermelon and its special local procts.In summer, watermelons are mature.In the fields are all over the delicious watermelons.Everyone loves them.When you are thirsty,you can partake a piece of watermelon,the immortal you are.My hometown has many special local procts,such as juan fen(卷粉) 、solt fish(腌鱼)、solt meat(腌肉)、solt vegetable（腌菜） ect.They are very delicious,too.Welcome to my hometown and taste the toothsome foods.
I love my hometown,love the mountains、the rivers and the people.I must study harder.Then I can make my hometown more beautiful and richer in future.
4.English is more and more important around the world. So we must try our best to learn English well.Plenty of students have trouble in learning English. Ihave four golden ways in learning English. First, we must concentrate on listening to the teacher , because it's the most important . We can learn a lot in class. Secendly, we must be able to read aloud . Maybe you feel difficult , but don't stop reading. Don't be afraid of making mistakes, you must believe that you can do better . Thirdly ,you should do more practice by writting . If you study English by these ways , you'll be a successful student.
5.My Strict Mother
赵世杰
In my memory, people always say “Strict father, kind mother.” The fact isn’t like that in my family. I have not only a strict father, but also a strict mother.
When I was there years old, Mother cursed me hard because I broke a bowl. That made me frightened. After that day, I tried to do everything carefully in case she scolded me badly. I knew she only wanted me to do well.
Perhaps I said some wrong words when I played with my younger cousin. My father scolded me, so did my mother. She never tells me why she treats me strictly. I think it is hard work that made Mother strict and confident.
My dear mom, could you treat me kindly? I would be more wonderful if you were not so strict!
下面的网站希望对你有作用
③ 2013河北中英语作文
假如在英语课上,老师请你们就“ Money (压岁钱)”这个话题分组进行讨论,但你认为同学们对“Hobbies (爱好）”更感兴趣,建议老师更换话题.请你根据下面的提示和要求,写一篇发言稿,谈一谈你的理由.
提示：(1) Why do you like talking about hobbies?
(2) What’s your reason for not talking about lucky money?
要求：（1)发言稿须包括所有提示内容,可适当发挥.
发言稿中不得涉及真实的人名、校名和地名.开头已给出,不计入总词数.
词数：60〜80.
参考词汇：one’s own hobby,a proper topic (合适的话题),personal,unhappy I think talkingabout hobbies is better than talking about lucky money.It is
参考答案 One possible version
I think talking about hobbies is better thantalking about lucky money.It is easy and interesting.Everyone has his own hobby,like playing ball games,listening to music,drawing and so on.It can bringus pleasure and make us relaxed.We have a lot tosay when we talk about it.
Lucky money,however,isn't a proper topic forus,because it's too personal.What's more,not all of us can get lucky money.Some may feelunhappy if we talk about it.
So talking about hobbies is really a good choice.
④ 2016年河北衡水中学调研英语作文(notice)翻译
在我校新旧教学楼的中央，有一个犹如仙境的生物园，里面种有各种奇花异卉，菊花，玫瑰，一串红，蝴蝶花……比比皆是。
秋天，正是菊花开放的盛季，各式各样的菊花竞相开放。哇！快看，菊花开得好漂亮。有的花瓣全部展开，像绽放出的甜蜜的微笑；有的才展开一半，不过已经足够让人着迷了；有的还是花骨朵，有的饱胀得似乎要裂开了，像小娃娃生气的小脸蛋，虽然怒气冲冲涨红了脸，但还是那么可爱逗人。
与菊花相对峙的是一串红，红红的，尖尖的，大约四厘米长，像一串串红辣椒，又像一串串鞭炮，燃放出以首丰收的赞歌。一串红还像一串串小铃铛，铛铛铛的时刻提醒我：上课了，该认真学习了，将来要为祖国做贡献；下课休息吧！别累坏了身子。
一串红热心帮助我们。它那么善良。花儿们都十分喜欢它。它有一个非常要好的伙伴，就是蝴蝶花。蝴蝶花是花中一种奇特的品种，它与别的花卉不同。一株苗上开多种颜色的花。因为它样子像蝴蝶故得名。每当蝴蝶花开放的时候，生物园中显得更加生机勃勃。
你们知道玫瑰花吗？它可是舞蹈专家。当微风拂过时，玫瑰便翩翩起舞。它的舞姿那么优美，牵动了其它花的四肢。花儿们也跟着跳了起来。顿时生物园成了舞场。
在万花丛中，有个八角凉亭。亭子的八个角上各有一只展翅高飞的仙鹤，比喻前程远大。整个八角亭全身金黄，在阳光的照射下，放射出万道金光。这个凉亭透出一点古代的风情，与现代新潮的鲜花搭配起来，还真有一种奇特的味道。
我们的生物园是不是像仙境一般。生活在这样美丽的环境中，我时常想：我们应该尽自己所能，留下美的痕迹。相信同学们一定与我有同感。
⑤ 初中英语作文格式及范文
一、书信格式
1 .信头。指发信人的地址和日期。从信纸的上端中央往右写。第一行写单位名称，第二行写门牌号和路名，第三行写市名、省名、国名，第四行写发信日期。学生写信时第一行写班级名称，第二行写系科名称，第三行写学校名称，第四行写市、省名称，第五行写国家名称，第六行写发信日期。如果是国内信件，国名可以不写。要特别注意英文地址写法顺序是从小单位到大单位。日期的写法有美英之分。英国的写法是：日，月，年，如 10th of October ， 2002 .美国的写法是：月，日，年，如 October 10 ， 2002 .例如：
Xiangyang Middle School （向阳中学）
No . 120 ， Xinhua Road （新华路 120 号）
Cangzhou ， Hebei Province 061001 （沧州市河北省 061001 ）
P . R . of China （中华人民共和国）
October 20 ， 2002 （ 2002 年 10 月 20 日）
2 .信内地址。指收信人的姓名和地址。低于信头 1 — 2 行，从左边开始写。第一行写姓名、头衔，第二行写单位名称，第三行写门牌号及路名，第四行写市、省名称，第五行写国名。写往学校的信，第一行写姓名、头衔，第二行写系科名称，第三行写学校名称，第四行写市名、省名及邮政编码，第五行写国名。商业往来信件及公函必须写信头和信内地址。亲友、熟人之间的信可以不写信内地址，信头处写发信日期就行了。它与信封上收信人姓名、地址完全一样。
3 .称呼。就是对收信人的称呼。信内地址下隔一、二行写称呼，其左侧与信内地址第一行对齐，称呼后面一般用逗号，但正式函件称呼后多用冒号。对不相识的男子，单数常用 Sir ， Dear Sir ，或 My Dear Sir ；复数常用 Dear Sirs 或 Gentlemen .对不相识的女子，单数常用 Madam ， Dear Madam ，或 My Dear Madam ；复数常用 Madams 或 My Dear Madams .对比较熟识的男子，普通称 Dear Mr .。。即可。对比较熟识的女性，普通称 Dear Mrs （或 Miss ）。。。即可。
4 .正文。是书信的主要部分，一般从称呼下方隔一至两行处开始写正文。每段的第一个字母一般要缩进 3 — 5 个字母的空格。正文的内容要表达清楚，语言要简单明了，态度要诚恳礼貌。如果信中涉及的事情不多，可以一段到底，如果要讲的事情多，则可以分成几段，段与段之间常隔 1 — 2 行。
5 .结束语。是写信人对收信人的谦称，写在正文的下面 2 — 3 行处，从信纸中央偏右的地方写起，一般用 Yours （第一个字母大写）。若是亲戚（包括家人），可以写 Your loving son ／ sister ／ brother ／ daughter 等之类的表达法，若是对朋友，可以写 Your friend ；若是对老师，可以写 Your student .
6 .签名。一般写在结束语之下。
二、信封
英文信封的写法与汉语不同。收信人的姓名及地址应写在信封中下部，且先写姓名后写地址。寄信人的姓名及地址应写在信封的左上角，若是普通书信，也可写在信封背面。邮票贴在信封的右上角。在信封上常见的附加说明有“ Urgent （急件）， Express （快件）， Registered （ Regd ）（挂号信）， Airm ail （航空信）等”，要根据实际情况选用。下面是信封的格式：
怎么样，同学们？会用英语写信了吗？做一道中考题练练吧。
（ 2002 河北省）根据提示和要求完成下面短文。
假如你（ Li Lei ）在去年夏令营认识的一个朋友 Jim 从英国给你寄来一件礼物—一件红色的衬衫，并附有一封信。在信中他向你问好，他想知道你近来在忙些什么。请你给他写一封回信（ 100 个词左右）表示感谢。回信要包括以下内容：
①向 Jim 问好并对他表示感谢。
②礼物是你最喜欢的颜色，尺寸很合适，你非常喜欢。
③告诉 Jim 你近来很好，上周刚过完生日，生日聚会很热闹。询问 Jim 的近况，并表示希望他能来中国。
注意：①信的格式已经给出。②信中不得使用真实的人名、地名。
65Zhonghua Street
Shijiazhuang 050000
Hebei ， China
June 21st ， 2002
Dear Jim ，
How are you ？ ____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
范文..
Your friend ，
Li LeiMy dearest Mother,
The mother‘s day is coming and I would like to say "Happy mother‘s day" in this letter. I love you and thank you so much for everything you did for me. This day, I will stay away and can‘t give you my appreciation at home. I know I will watch myself, so don‘t worry about me. I am doing very well on my study. My schoolmates and teachers are all very nice. Though I can‘t be at home, I hope you have a wonderful mother‘s day.
Love,
Your so写作知识辅导——记叙文
Hi ， dear friends .前几次讲的内容你们掌握了吗？这次我要给大家说说初中阶段常见的几种文体——记叙文、描写文、说明文的写法。咱们先说说记叙文吧。
记叙文是以写人、叙事为主要内容的一种文体，也是英语作文中最普遍、最基本的文体。它一般包括两种：事实记叙文和想象记叙文。事实记叙文是写真实事情，常用一般过去时；想象记叙文是写虚拟的故事，常用一般现在时。它们的特点都是通过对人物、事件和景物的描写，表现文章的主题和作者的思想感情。
记叙文写作的基本要求是什么呢？
①要有明确的中心思想。②记叙要清楚明白。③线索要清晰。④要有恰当的叙事角度。⑤选材要详略得当。
具体地说，记叙文写作要把握以下几点：
1 .记叙文所记叙的事件必须相关连。要有开头（ beginning ）、中间（ middle ）和结尾（ end ）。在必要时加入冲突（ conflict ），以使情节曲折，跌宕起伏。一般说来，写记叙文应把握好六个要素： who （何人）、 what （何事）、 when （何时）、 where （何地）、 why （何因）、 how （怎么）。初中阶段多为叙事短文，一般应包括 where ， who ， what 这三个最基本的东西。
2 .写作时观点的掌握非常重要。记叙文常用第一人称或第三人称两种人称记述。用第一人称的角度记叙，使人感到亲切，读者很容易产生身临其境之感，相信真有其事。这种形式常用在写自传、本人的经历或记叙耳闻目睹的事件；用第三人称的角度记叙，使人感到客观。这种形式常用在对重大事件的客观报导，以及记叙他人的经历或事迹。
3 .常见的叙述方式有：①顺叙。按事情发展的顺序或时间顺序进行叙述。②倒叙。把事情的结局或某个突出的片段提到前面叙述，然后再按照事情的顺序叙述下去。③插叙。在叙述过程中，由于某种需要，暂时把叙述的线索中断一下，插入有关的另一叙述。④夹叙夹议。一方面叙述事情，一方面对这件事情加以分析或评论。
请看下面的例文。要求：写一篇题为 Planting Trees 的文章。
Planting Trees
It was fine on March 12 ， 2001 . I got up early that day . All the students in our school went to the hill to plant trees .
We arrived at the hill at eight o'clock . The teacher asked each of us to plant at least six trees . Then we started digging ， planting and watering . We all worked so hard that we could finish our tasks ahead of tim e . Among us ， Wang Lin ， our monitor set a good example for us . Though he was ill ， he worked harder . When he finished his task ， he went on to help others without even a little rest . He was wet all over after work .“ I must learn from him ，” I said to myself . Looking at the lines of the young trees ， we smiled happily ， forgetting our tiredness .
这是一篇记叙文，记叙了 2001 年 3 月 12 日上山植树的情况。文章主题鲜明，有条有理。 when （何时）、 where （何地）、 who （何人）、 what （何事）等交待的清清楚楚。
描写文是以描写为主要表达方式的文体，所谓描写就是作者用生动、形象的语言对
人物、事物和环境作具体形象的描绘和刻画，描写的主要作用是：①展现美丽的自然景色；②描写人物的外貌和内心世界；③交待人物活动的自然环境和社会环境。 在写作过程中，作者可以按空间位置顺序，由远及近，由上及下，由外到内，由前到后组织材料，也可以按作者视线转移的顺序组织材料，先看到的先写，后看到的后写。描写的基本方法按性质可分为主观描写和客观描写两种。所谓主观描写就是在描写过程中掺入作者自己的感受，寄托自己的主观感情，塑造自己的理想的形象；客观描写就是在描写过程中，作者不带或很少带主观的感情色彩，而只对人物或某物的特征客观地、就事论事进行描写。
请看下面的描述文：
Sunset
In order to see the sunset ， I got everything ready before 5in the afternoon . Then I went to the East Hill .
At that time ， the sun was already in the west but it was still shining . Its light was so bright that I couldn't even open my eyes . When I arrived at the East Hill ， the light became a bit yellow . After a short while ， it was completely golden ， then red . The sun nearly set . It was like a big red ball . The cloud around it was also painted red . Little by little the cloud covered more and more of the sun . At last it disappeared behind the cloud . It was dark and I hurried back .
本文交待了看日落的时间、地点，详细地描写了日落的全过程。文章主要采用了客观描写方法，语言简洁，描写具体、生动。
下面该谈谈说明文了。
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的文体。它主要用来说明事物的特点、发展变化规律、分析前因后果，目的在于使读者获得必要的信息，使人们对事物有个清晰、完整的了解和认识。说明文分为三种类型：实体事物说明文，包括说明书、广告、解说词等；事理说明文，包括理论性概念解释、书文简介、教材等；文艺性说明文，即要把说明的对象拟人化，进而编成一个故事介绍给读者。
写说明文要注意以下几点：
1 .要抓准特征。对某一事物予以说明，首先要弄清从哪些方面加以说明才能准确地反映被说明的事物。一般说来，说明事物可以从被说明事物的颜色、形状、形态；性质、性能、习性；原因、原理；作用、用途、功能；危害、影响；结构；操作过程；发生、发展的规律等方面着手。但是，每一事物都有它自己的特征，因而显示出了这一事物与其他一事物的根本区别，因此，在说明事物时，不要面面俱到，要抓住事物的特征，这样才能使读者得到具体而深刻的印象。
2 .层次要分明。说明事物要注意条理，否则就不可能说清复杂的事物。例如说明事物的结构，就要按照构造的顺序来说明，或从上到下，或从前到后，或由外到里，或由主到次。又如说明四季的变化，就要按照时间的顺序（ spring ， summer ， autumn ， winter ）来写。
3 .解析要清楚。对各种知识所作的解释，对某种事物所作的说明，都要清楚明白。
4 .表现手法要多样。常见的说明文方法有：①下定义。②举例子。③运用比喻、比拟的方法。④做比较。⑤引用数字。⑥分类别。⑦列图表。
5 .用词要力求准确。引用的数据要绝对可靠，文字要简明扼要，一目了然。这是写说明文在语言文字上的要求：
请看下面的例文：
Hello ， friends ，
You are warmly welcomed to our school . I'm Wu Dong . I'm very glad to be your guide . First ， I'd like to tell you something about our school . It was set up in 1957 . The number of students is over 1200 ， and the teachers about 100 . There are altogether 20classes . Besides the teaching buildings ， we have a library for different kinds of subjects ， and a school-run workshop .
We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon . After classes ， we join in various activities ， such as ball games ， painting ， singing and dancing .
Now let me show you around our school . This way ， please .
本文是一篇说明文，是由学生接待来访的朋友，向人们介绍本校的情况。本文目的明确，材料准确、详实，语言简练，并能按一定的顺序来写，是一篇较好的说明文。
怎么样？会写这几种文体了吗？试着写两篇吧？
1 .记述一次郊游活动（ outing ），包括下列内容：
①时间、地点：上星期六，海边。
②活动内容：去时花了几个小时，到海边后搭帐蓬，在露天生火做饭，讲故事，唱歌，做游戏。
③自己感想：尽管很累，大家玩得很痛快。
要求：用第一人称写，词数 70 左右。
2 .向明中学的“英语角”活动开展得有声有色。请你用英语为一家英文报纸写一篇 80 — 100 字的简讯。
⑥ 河北省中考英语作文，本人感激涕零！！
英语作文 英语作文的基本要求：
首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题（stick or hold to the topic），这就是段落的统一性（unity）。其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅（smooth），这就是连贯性（coherence）。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。
1、统一性
一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I ，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。再看一个例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby。
从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。
2、完整性
正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待，给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”（心境不平静）Physical work又如何能改变这种情况？为什么它能起therapy的作用？读者得不到明确的答案。因此，要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释，整个段落内容空洞，简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话，就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3、连贯性（coherence）
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系；反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。
1）、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A．按时间先后排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从“rose”（起床）写起，然后是吃早餐（“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”），然后是“close to noon”，一直写到这一天结束（“By nine——”）。
B. 按位置远近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处（“from a distance”）写起，然后“get closer”，再到（“ten feet away”），最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性顺序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个 ”perhaps”加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2）、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语（transitional words or phrases），另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且对于学生在半个小时内写120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了.我们看下面一个例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的”it”之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语.这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences．
4、有损连贯性的几种情况：
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：
1、不必要的改变时态，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改变单复数，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改变人称，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
英语作文的书写格式
英文书写应符合书写规范，英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观，字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮，通篇匀称和谐。
写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺。如字母i，应该先写下面的部分，然后再打点。有的学生却按写汉字的习惯从上到下写，写快了，就会把点和下面的十笔连在量起，显得十分别扭。字形t应为两笔。不少人却将两笔合成一笔，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，难以辨认。另外，把r写成v，把q写成把g，把k写成h等等，都是中学生书写中常见的毛病。
不少人在四线三格的练习纸上书写尚有规矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求书写，但在白纸或横线纸上书写，却显得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律写成同一高度，占上中两格的字母与占中下两格的字母完全没有高低之别。这些现象都要防止。
另外，书写时还要注意词与词之间要保持一定的距离，不能紧靠在一起。字母之间的连写也应该按照习惯，不能随意乱来。
在一篇字数有限的作文里，我们还要注意尽量不把一个单词拆开移行。万一要移行，则必须以音节为单位进行，如revolution这个词，依照音节移行的原则可以按re-，revo-, revolu-这几种方法移行。在移行时，我们还应特别注意以下几点:
1. 单音节词不能移行，即使是字母较多的单音节词，如through等也不能例外。
2．缩略词如Mr.，Dr.等不能和后面的名字拆开移行。
缩略的专用名词如U．K.，U．S．A等也不能拆开移行。
3．时间、量度及货币单位应视为一个整体；不能分开移行。如；
11：00P.M.应写在一行内，不能将11：00和P．M．分开移行；写38℃时，不能将38和℃分开移行。
4．由“年、月、日”表示的日期，如果必须分开移行只能将“月、日”与“年”分开。如January 6，1980不能将January和6分开移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成两行。
5．含双写辅音字母的单词，在移行时要将辅音字母拆开。如better可拆成better，necessary可拆成necessary。
但如果双写辅音字母属于词根，后面又加了后缀，就不能将两个辅音字母拆开。如drill加上-ing后构成了drilling，就不可以将它拆成成dril-ling，而只能拆为drilling。
例文：
1.宠物：
A Talkative Parrot
A lady worked in a company. There were a lot of shops on her way to work. One morning, when she was walking to work, she passed by a new pet shop. She was so excited when she saw a parrot sitting beside the door. She really loved birds.
When she stopped to look at the handsome bird, it said to her, "Hey, lady, you are really ugly.”
This made the lady very angry. She quickly left the shop and went to work. On her way home, she passed the same pet shop again. This time the parrot saw her again, it said immediately:
"Hey lady, you are really ugly!"
The lady tried to control herself. She walked to the shopkeeper and told him that if the parrot said it again, she would have the police come and take it away. "I'm so sorry, madam. I promise it won't happen again," the shopkeeper said.
The next morning, when the lady walked past the pet shop, she pretended that she didn’t see it. But the parrot saw her at once and said to her quickly, "Hey lady."
She stopped and looked at the bird coldly. "Yes?" she answered in an angry voice.
The bird, sitting up straight and smiling at her, said, "You know."
2.人物：
Elizabeth Bennet （伊丽莎白）
The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Nevertheless, her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgments often lead her astray; Pride and Prejudice is essentially the story of how she (and her true love, Darcy) overcome all obstacles—including their own personal failings—to find romantic happiness. Elizabeth must not only cope with a hopeless mother, a distant father, two badly behaved younger siblings, and several snobbish, antagonizing females, she must also overcome her own mistaken impressions of Darcy, which initially lead her to reject his proposals of marriage. Her charms are sufficient to keep him interested, fortunately, while she navigates familial and social turmoil. As she graally comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy’s character, she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him.
Bennet家庭的第二个女儿和最聪明和机智，伊丽莎白是自豪感和偏见的主演和其中一个在英国文学的最知名的女性角色。 她令人敬佩的质量是numerous—she是可爱的，聪明，并且，在对话定义的小说，她一样精采地交谈象任何人。 她的诚实、美德和活泼的机智使她在胡话之上起来，并且弥漫她的坏行为类跳起和经常恶意的社会。 然而，她的伶俐的口舌和倾向经常做仓促评断带领她迷路; 自豪感和偏见本质上是故事她(和她真实的爱， Darcy)怎样克服他们自己的个人failings—to发现浪漫幸福的所有obstacles—including。 伊丽莎白必须不仅应付一个绝望的母亲，一个遥远的父亲，二非常表现的更加年轻的兄弟姐妹，并且几位势利，对抗的女性，她必须也克服Darcy她自己的错误印象，最初带领她拒绝他的求婚。 而她驾驶家族和社会动乱，她魅力是充足保持他感兴趣，幸运地。 当她逐渐来认可Darcy’s字符的贵族，她体会她对他的最初的偏见错误。
⑦ 河北省初中英语作文写作技巧
在写作文时应先打好草稿，再把英文对上。需要注意的是；在写英语作文内时，要尽量实事求是，有真情容实感，若不能，则尽量写得规范些，不要太标新立异
浮夸无实，因为你不会知道给你改卷的老师是否和你一样喜欢标新立异，若是与之相反，那么你这篇作文得高分的可能性不太大。在写的时候还需要注意一点；在描述某件事物或是某个人的时候，因尽量叙述详细一点，不要用总结性语言来概括描述
⑧ 2016年河北中考英语作文
答: 2016年河北中考英语作文
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